Volumetric efficiency people. A 3.7L displacement engine with the CFM flow rate of our cylinder heads, cannot flow more air than what the stock box/intake tube is already capable of.
You can add a 90mm throttle body and have NO air filter, any engine can only suck in as much as it can and that is a fixed amount at max capacity. Won't do any good beyond that.
There are a few formulas to calculate air flow. Take our 3.7L, making max hp at 5200rpm as the example.
Using V = (RPMxCID)/3456 x(VE), and figuring 80% VE (Volumetric efficiency), we get a max CFM of 271.783.
So putting ANY component in the intake or exhaust tract that outflows that number, is completely unnecessary and excessive. Example, suppose the K&N "cold air" intake claims that it flows 500cfm. Yeah? So what. The engine can only move 272CFM of air. No gains to be had.
Throttle bodies and carburetors are the same way. Putting a 650CFM Holley carb on your 350 chevy that only flows a calculated 421CFM is stupidly overkill. A 500CFM is better suited. Obviously cylinder head porting and valve sizing, as well as forced induction changes things (namely, the VE of the engine).
So keep that in mind when shopping for intakes and exhaust headers.